Philodendron or Pothos? Unraveling the Secrets of These Popular Houseplants

Unraveling the Mystery: Philodendron vs. Pothos

One of the most common dilemmas for plant enthusiasts is differentiating between the beloved Philodendron and the equally popular Pothos. These two genera share several similarities, making them a challenge to tell apart, especially for beginners. Both are vining plants, relatively low-maintenance, and thrive in similar conditions, which explains why they’re often confused. This guide will delve into the key characteristics that distinguish these two plant families, helping you become a plant identification pro!

Understanding the Basics

Before we dive into the specifics, let’s establish some foundational knowledge. Both Philodendrons and Pothos belong to the Araceae family, often referred to as the aroid family. This large group of flowering plants encompasses a diverse range of species, including the popular Monstera. While they share this familial connection, they belong to different genera. This is the core of the distinction.

• Philodendron: The name translates to “love tree,” and it’s a vast genus with hundreds of species and cultivars. They’re native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, particularly the rainforests of South America. Their growth habits vary widely, from vining to self-heading (upright) forms.
• Pothos (Epipremnum): Often mistakenly called a Philodendron, Pothos (genus Epipremnum) are also vining plants and are native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, including regions of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Solomon Islands. They are known for their adaptability and resilience, making them popular choices for indoor cultivation.

Leaf Characteristics: The Primary Differentiator

The most reliable way to distinguish between a Philodendron and a Pothos lies in examining their leaves. While both can have heart-shaped leaves, there are key differences:

• Philodendron:
  • Leaf Shape: Philodendron leaves exhibit a wide variety of shapes depending on the species. Many have heart-shaped leaves, but they can also be lobed, deeply cut, or even arrowhead-shaped. The key is to look at the overall form and edges.
  • Leaf Sheath: Philodendrons typically have a cataphyll, or leaf sheath, which is a modified leaf that protects new leaves as they emerge. This sheath is often papery or sometimes fleshy and it typically dries up and falls off as the new leaf unfurls. This is a very distinctive feature. Not all philodendrons will have a cataphyll, but it’s a reliable way to differentiate them when it’s present.
  • Leaf Texture and Appearance: Leaf texture can vary, but many Philodendrons have a smoother, often glossy, surface. Some species may have textured leaves, and the colour can range from vibrant green to burgundy, depending on the species and the amount of light it receives.
  • New Growth: The new leaves of Philodendrons often unfurl from a central point, and the stem often has a reddish or purplish hue. This is another characteristic to look for.
• Pothos:
  • Leaf Shape: Most Pothos varieties have heart-shaped leaves, although the shape can vary slightly depending on the specific cultivar and the maturity of the plant. The shape is generally consistent.
  • Leaf Sheath: Pothos do not have a cataphyll, meaning the new leaves emerge directly from the vine. They don’t have a sheath protecting new leaves, so you won’t see any papery remnants.
  • Leaf Texture and Appearance: Pothos leaves tend to be waxy and often have variegation patterns, although solid green varieties also exist. This variegation is a result of the plant’s inability to produce chlorophyll in some areas of the leaves. Common variegations include speckles, marbling, and splashes of white, yellow, or cream.
  • New Growth: Pothos vines produce new leaves from the end of the stem, and new growth appears without a leaf sheath.

Growth Habits and Structure

Observing the overall growth patterns of the plant can also offer clues:

• Philodendron:
  • Growth: Philodendrons come in two main growth forms: vining and non-climbing (self-heading). Vining varieties need support, while self-heading types grow upright, with leaves often clustered at the top. Many species are hemiepiphytes, starting their lives as epiphytes in trees before eventually rooting in the soil.
  • Stem: The stems of Philodendrons can be thick and sometimes reddish. The way the leaves emerge, often singly, is a key trait.
• Pothos:
  • Growth: Pothos are primarily vining plants, and they’re known for their trailing stems, which can grow quite long. They can be trained to climb with the help of a moss pole or trellis.
  • Stem: Pothos stems are usually thinner compared to some Philodendrons. They produce aerial roots along the stem, which help them to climb and attach to surfaces.

Identifying Specific Varieties

Once you’ve determined whether you’re dealing with a Philodendron or a Pothos, you can try to identify the specific variety.

• Common Philodendron Varieties:
  • Philodendron hederaceum (Heartleaf Philodendron): Extremely popular, with heart-shaped green leaves and easy care requirements. Often confused with Pothos, so examine leaf sheaths carefully.
  • Philodendron scandens (Sweetheart Philodendron): Similar to the Heartleaf Philodendron, but can be distinguished by its slightly more pointed leaves.
  • Philodendron Birkin: Known for its creamy white variegation on dark green leaves, creating a striking look. A self-heading variety.
  • Philodendron Pink Princess: A highly sought-after variety, distinguished by its dark leaves with splashes of pink variegation.
• Common Pothos Varieties:
  • Epipremnum aureum (Golden Pothos): One of the most common types, with heart-shaped leaves and gold or yellow variegation.
  • Epipremnum pictum (Silver Satin Pothos): Features heart-shaped leaves with silver markings.
  • Epipremnum ‘N’Joy: Known for its clean white and green variegation, which is often bolder than the variegation on Golden Pothos.
  • Epipremnum marble queen: A very popular cultivar with white and green marbling throughout its leaves.

Care Considerations

While both Philodendrons and Pothos are relatively easy to care for, understanding their individual preferences can help you provide the best environment for your plant.

• Light: Both plants prefer bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. A location near an east- or west-facing window is usually ideal.
• Watering: Allow the top inch or two of the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal. Both plants appreciate slightly moist soil.
• Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix. A mix designed for houseplants, with ingredients like peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite, works well.
• Fertilizer: Feed your plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) to promote healthy growth.
• Humidity: Both plants thrive in moderate to high humidity. You can increase humidity by using a humidifier, placing the pot on a pebble tray with water, or grouping plants together.
• Pruning: Prune your Philodendron or Pothos to maintain its shape, encourage bushier growth, and remove any dead or yellowing leaves.

Final Thoughts

Distinguishing between Philodendrons and Pothos is not always straightforward. The most reliable method is to carefully examine the leaves, paying attention to the presence or absence of a leaf sheath, the leaf shape, and the overall growth pattern. With practice and observation, you’ll become adept at identifying these popular houseplants. Remember that both genera offer a wide range of beautiful varieties to add to your indoor garden. Happy growing!